Английский язык

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Английский язык, опубликовано 2018-08-22 19:46:41
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Английский язык, опубликовано 2018-08-22 19:46:38
Требуется перевод без переводчика! The Fourth Estate roles of journalists are important to examine as it forms the basis for the legitimization of the commercial basis of news media. That is to say, the Fourth Estate ideal argues that news media should be on a for-profit commercial basis because this will cause them to work harder to expose government corruption, a commodity that the audience wants to consume. For example, Thailand and China have different political-economic configurations and relationship to Fourth Estate ideals, especially in comparison to the USA and UK. The view of the news media as the Fourth Estate developed in the nineteenth century from the ideas of J. Locke (1689), C. Montesquieu (1750) and J. Madison (1788) concerning the separation of powers in government. Whereas they envisioned some separation of the three estates (such the executive, legislative and judicial powers, or the monarchy, the lords and the commons) so as to check against corruption and concentration of power, early newspapermen posited their role in society was to act as the ‘fourth’ power, serving the interests of the newly emerging bourgeoisie. This is a highly normative conception for the role of journalism, that of the press as a watchdog on abuses of power in government. If the press fails to act as such a watchdog, it is usually blamed on two reasons. Firstly is that the press as a site of inter-elite transactions. In this way, the news media fail to act as a proper watchdog because they are being used for political means for different politicians to attack each other. Secondly, we have the notion that the press is used by power brokers, usually media owners and their close friends, as an attack dog on their enemies. Thus, any watchdog actions by the news media are illegitimate because journalists are being used as weapons by businesses and political interests. However, in the end both of these perspectives views the Fourth Estate ideal as the one that should be reached. As J. O. Hearns-Branaman examined (in 2011 & 2013), the discourses that American and British journalists use to talk about their Fourth Estate role in relationship to power and the truth are highly problematic. Power is discussed as being something highly inter-personal, and journalists frequently cite the lack of control over their product by the lack of direct interference by their bosses and government officials. More abstract, structural and systematic influences in their job, such as the socialization of journalists through rewards, punishment, and other means, are not discussed. Furthermore, journalists hold dialectically contradictory views of the truth in news media. They both see the need for a Realist epistemology in which news gives the ‘truth’ to the audience, and a more Pragmatic, or market place-of-ideas, approach in which multiple sides of a situation and competing, contingent truths need to be given in order for the audience to make up their own minds.
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Английский язык, опубликовано 2018-08-22 19:46:35
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Английский язык, опубликовано 2018-08-22 19:46:34
Тест по английскому1. In a month I … in this company as a manager. a) work b) shall work c) worked d) don’t work e) have worked 2. The engineer … already this problem, many measurements being done by him. a) solved b) didn’t solve c) has solved d) will solve e) have solved 3. If you agreed to compare the models it … your choice easier. a) would make b) make c) will make d) would have made e) has made 4. If your goods … of good quality and we receive an acceptable offer, we will place large orders with you. a) is b) are c) was d) were e) will be 5. I hope the product is as … as the advertisement says. a) good b) better c) best d) least e) less 6. Choose the right variant: Пластики находят широкое применение благодаря их легкому весу a) Plastics find a wide application in building. b) Plastics were designed for interior use. c) Plastics are in wide use due to their light weight. d) We know plastics to be applied to almost every branch of building. 7. Choose the right variant: A high living standard (not / to reach) in most developing countries yet. a) Isn’t to reach b) Hasn’t reached c) Was reached d) Has been reached e) Isn’t reaching 8. Choose the variant with First Conditional. If Kazakhstan (to improve) conditions of scientists’ work, there (to be) great progress in science. a) improve/ is b) improves/ was c) improves/ will be d) will improve/ is e) improved/would be 9. He improved his report by … the end. a) to change b) change c) changed d) changing e) having change 10. The mechanical engineer (должны обучаться) in mechanics, hydraulics and thermodynamics and must know such subjects as metallurgy and machine design. a) must be trained b) can train c) must educate d) can be educated e) may be trained 11. Инженеры по технике безопасности помогают в проектировании машин, заводов и др., чтобы уменьшить возможность несчастных случаев. Safety engineers assist in designing machinery, factories, and others … the possibility of accident. a) reduce b) reducing c) to reduce d) reduced e) have reduced 12. These business problems are being solved but some still remain. a) Past Simple active b) Present Continuous passive c) Future Continuous passive d) Present Simple passive e) Present Continuous active 13. Нагреваясь, магнит теряет часть или весь свой магнетизм. … a magnet loses some or all of its magnetism. a) To heat b) Heated c) Heating d) Having heated e) Being heated 14. Our motors are manufactured to the highest standards and are marketed all over the world. a) Past Simple active b) Present Continuous passive c) Future Continuous passive d) Present Simple passive e) Present Continuous active 15. What is not suitable? a) Job application b) Resume c) Application form d) Curriculum vitae e) Attention
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Английский язык, опубликовано 2018-08-22 19:46:34