Английский язык
Помогите перевести на русский One need not have anything to do with medicine as such to know of the existence ol such powerful therapeutic agents as penicillin, Chloromycetin or streptomycin. These are all antibiotic substances, products of the life- activity of harmless microbes and small fungi which are lethal to other pathogenic fungi and microbes. Only some 25 years ago medical men had almost no means for combating many diseases caused by microbes. Septicemia, for example was almost invariably taial. Antibiotic substances now cure such serious ailments as pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, some forms of tuberculosis, tularemia and bubonic plague. During the war antibiotic substances saved the lives of thousands of wounded at the front. The origin of antibiotics. The antibiotic action of green mould, from which penicillin was subsequently obtained, was first discovered by the Russian physicians V.A. Manasscin and A.G. Polotebnov as far back as the 70s of last century. They not only established that mould retards the growth of microbes, but also successfully treated various kinds of ulcers with compresses for which mould was used. Although these Russian scientists were unable to extract the active element, penicillin, from the mould, owing to the low level of technical development their time, their discovery to a great measure paved the way for the subsequent use of penicillin as a therapeutic agent. Thirty-five years later V.G. Tanakovsky, a Russian veterinary, published a paper on the results of his experiments which showed that a certain form of mould killed the microbe causing typhus. This expanded still further the range of microorganisms known to science whose vital activities are inhibited by substances produced by mould. It is a self-evident fact that no science can develop without a sound theory summarizing and explaining its practical achievement. The science of antibiotics owes its developments first and foremost to the researches of Ily a Mechnikov, the outstanding Russian biologists, who discovered that certain types of bacteria arc dislodged by other in the intestines of both man and animals. The scientist gave an explanation of this highly interesting phenomenon. What happens is obviously a struggle among microbes with some species producing toxins that arc lethal to others. Working in the beginning of this century, Mechnikov was the first scientist to prove theoretically that it is possible to use the struggle among microbes in the interests of man. Mechnikov, rightly called by his contemporaries “the great humanist”, devoted much effort to the problem of combating premature aging of the human organism. Man he said, is the victim of constant poisoning by toxic substances produces in his own intestines. It is here, in the digestive tract, that the enemies of the organism, putrefaction bacteria, constantly produce strong toxins which bring about premature old aee. But how is the harmful flora to be expelled from the organism? Could it not be done with the help of the micro-organisms themselves, by making use of the struggle going on among them? Mechnicov began to search for bacteria harmless to man which, on being introduced into the intestines, could drive out the putrefaction microbes. Investigations established that lactic bacteria, which cause the souring of milk, answer the purpose. In their presence putrefaction bacteria perish. Mechnicov’s assistant, the Russian scientist Ignat Schiller, succeeded in proving this in practice. Me found a medium in which lactic bacteria grew rapidly. This was lactose. He only had to feed mice with lactose and their intestines became populated with a pure culture of lactic bacteria. Experiments on man (lactose is perfectly harmless) confirmed that under the influence of sugar these bacteria as a rule drove out the putrefaction microbes from the intestines.
Помогите ответить на вопросы! 1.Find the answer in the teхt : Why did Nancy go to cshool. 2.Составь план рассказа из следующих предложений. Сам Текст!!! MY NAUGHTY LITTLE SISTER GOES TO SCHOOL One day my mother got a letter from my grandmother. She was ill, and asked my mother to come to her. "Take your sister to school with you," said my mother to me. "She cant sit still (спокойно) for five minutes," I said. "I can sit still", said my little sister. My mother wrote a letter to my teacher. My teacher answered: "Yes, Nancy may come to school if she is a good girl." My sister was very happy. Do you know what she did? She found my fathers old bag and put a pencil and a notebook into the bag. She was a very good girl. In the morning she got up early. She washed her face and neck and dressed quickly. After breakfast my mother went to my grandmother, and we went to school. Our lessons began at 9 oclock. But we came to the school yard earlier (раньше). My sister said "Good morning!" to everybody in the yard. When we came into the classroom, the teacher said: "Jack is ill. So your sister may sit at his desk." My sister did not talk. She looked and looked. She looked at the teacher, she looked at the schoolboys and schoolgirls. She looked at the blackboard and at the pictures on the wall. The children opened their bags and took out their pencils and notebooks. My sister opened her bag too. She took out her pencil and her notebook. Then the teacher called all the childrens names. The children said: "Present" (здесь). But she did not call my sisters name, because she was not a pupil. Then my naughty little sister stood up and said: "I want a present (подарок), too." Everybody laughed. Then the teacher gave her some plasticine [plaestisi:n] (пластилин). My little sister made a red flower, and the teacher said it was very nice. he teacher read us a story, and my sister listened, too. When the teacher asked questions about this story, all the children put up their hands. Nancy put up her hand. And she gave a good answer. The teacher said: "Your little sister is very clever." Then we drew pictures. I drew a house, a tree and a lake. But do you know what my sister drew? She drew our teacher. Yes, she drew our nice teacher. She drew her with very little eyes and very long black hair, and a very big mouth. "I like your picture," said our teacher. "I like it very much." Then we all went to the school yard and played there. We played ball. My little sister played ball, too. Then we went to the classroom again. We read a story in a book, but my little sister could not read, so she fell asleep (она заснула). She slept till four oclock when the lessons were over and we went home.
5. Odd one out!Какие прилагательные надо переставить , чтобы в каждой группе не осталось лишнего слова ? А. salty,sweet,sour,big. В. soft,wet,cold,slimy,small. C. short,long,tall,hot.
